Solar vs. Wind – Which is the better green energy source for my home?

Simply put, solar power is the process of converting sunlight into electricity. For residential applications, this is most often accomplished using photovoltaics (PV) also referred to as solar cells. Wind power converts the energy of the wind into usable forms of energy. For residential use this means electricity. While both forms of energy conversion are environmentally friendly, each has its own unique advantages and drawbacks for home use.

A major consideration with both systems is location. While solar systems are less dependent on the sun than wind systems are on the wind, it is still an issue. A solar system is most effective in places with less cloud cover and more bright sunshine. Areas like the American Southwest and countries such as Australia and Spain have optimal climates to maximize solar usage. Wind systems present their own challenges. They only work efficiently in areas with average wind speeds of 11 to 13 miles per hour.

Another consideration is placement and aesthetics. Solar panels are fairly low profile while even small wind turbines take up a fair amount of space. Solar panels can be used effectively in urban settings while turbines do not do well in urban and suburban locations. The number of nearby structures impedes wind flow and causes turbulence that greatly decreases wind power’s efficiency. Wind power works best in either coastal areas which take advantage of shore breezes or in rural and open plain areas where the wind flow is unimpeded. When considering placement it’s important to remember that solar systems are silent while even the best turbine systems when subjected to air turbulence can generate an unpleasant vibrating sound.

In terms of cost, a wind system is much cheaper to install. In fact, a solar system may cost as much as 25% to 50% more than a comparable wind system to install. However, over the lifetime of the system wind turbines will require regular maintenance and are more likely to be damaged, while solar panels are virtually maintenance free. This means that over the lifespan of the system, solar systems are only slightly more expensive than wind.

Both wind and solar power are viable alternatives to fossil fuel. Both are inexhaustible and free and both greatly reduce our impact on the environment. However, each has its share of both benefits and challenges. It is not a question of whether one system is better than the other. It is more a matter of which system better meets the individual homeowner’s needs.

Peter Wendt is a writer and researcher in Austin, TX. He recently added Austin solar photovoltaic cells to his home. If you have any questions on the process, you should contact Native.